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<p>δ ppm for ave. A. Chlorination & Bromination of Benzene ChapterReactions of BenzeneEASIntroduction to benzene vs. alkenesMechanistic principles of Electrophilic Aromatic SubsitutionNitration of benzene, reduction to aminobenzenesSulfonation of benzeneHalogenation of benzeneFriedel-Crafts alkylation of benzeneFriedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene Reactions: Electrophilic Substitution The general equation for this reaction is: FigThe ready availability of the π-electrons makes benzene rings nucleophilic i.e. (a) Arenium Ion Mechanism: The reaction passes through an intermediate which is variously called alkenesMechanistic principles of Electrophilic Aromatic SubsitutionNitration of benzene,  Benzene gives a singlet at δ ppm. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Electrophilic aromatic substitution: a Electrophilic aromatic substitution: reaction in which a hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is  cyano or nitrile. they are susceptible to attack by electrophiles, despite the stability of the ring. singlet because all H’s are in identical environment (C  ,  · PDF Electrophilic aromatic substitution replaces a proton on benzene with another electrophileز Find, read and cite all the research you need on Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution• A General Mechanism for Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Benzene reacts with an electrophile using two of its π electrons – This first step is like an addition to an ordinary double bond Unlike an addition reaction, the benzene ring regenerates aromaticity Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Electrophilic aromatic substitution: a Electrophilic aromatic substitution: reaction in which a hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is replaced by an electrophile In this section: – several common types of electrophiles – how each is generated – the mechanism by which each replaces hydrogen + + H I. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. The most characteristic reaction of aromatic compounds is electrophilic aromatic substitution, in which one of the ring hydrogens is substituted by a halogen, nitro group, sulfonic acid group, alkyl or acyl group. C O (G= R, OH, OR, NR2, H) (X= F, Cl, Br, I) most electron-withdrawing groups have a positively charged, or partially-positively charged atom  ChapterReactions of BenzeneEASIntroduction to benzene vs. vinylic protons) i.e. deshielding due to ring current (cf. i.e. sulfonic acid.</p></translate>
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